by teebee » Mon Jul 26, 2010 4:21 pm
Introduction
Gounod and his librettists drew their plot directly from Shakespeare’s popular play, remaining broadly faithful to its plot and poetry, while re-clothing the characters and their situations in the richly lyrical musical language of mid-19th-century French opera.
An arch-Romantic, Charles Gounod had already turned Goethe’s Faust (1859) into an opera that quickly won worldwide and long-term popularity before exploring the possibilities of Roméo and Juliette (1867). He produced a work entirely suited to his own gifts and one that retains a heady fragrance, especially in its sequence of no less than four duets for the two lovers. The music alternates Second Empire opulence with delicacy, and bold drama with intimate refinement.
Synopsis
Prologue
The chorus outlines the ancient feud between the Montagues and Capulets, and how the fatal love of Roméo and Juliette brought it to an end.
ACT I
A splendid ball at the Capulets’ house
Paris admires the lovely Juliette. Gertrude, Juliette’s old nurse, tells her that Paris will make a good husband, but Juliette is intent upon living the joys of youth to the full.
Roméo and Mercutio – members of the hated Montague family – have gatecrashed the ball in disguise. Roméo sees Juliette, and is instantly struck by love. Roméo flirts with Juliette, and manages to avoid a confrontation with her cousin Tybalt by slipping away.
ACT II
The garden of the Capulets’ house
Aided by his page Stéphano, Roméo climbs into Juliette’s garden and sings of his love for her. Juliette appears and the two declare their love, aware of its potentially fearful consequences. Roméo must flee before he is discovered. Just before he departs, Juliette proposes that they should marry.
ACT III
Frère Laurent’s cell
Roméo and Juliette arrive at Frère Laurent’s cell to be married. The friar has agreed to wed them as a way of ending their families’ feud.
A street outside the Capulets’ house
A fight ensues between the Capulets and Montagues. Mercutio joins in on the Montagues’ side, Tybalt and Paris on the Capulets’.
Mercutio is killed and Roméo kills Tybalt in revenge. Hearing of the fray, the Duke of Verona appears and exiles Roméo.
ACT IV
Juliette’s room
Roméo comes to bid farewell to Juliette and beg her forgiveness for killing Tybalt. She forgives him. They regard this occasion as their wedding night and sing of its rapture. As dawn comes, they part reluctantly.
Juliette’s father enters with news of her imminent marriage to Paris. After he has left, Frère Laurent arrives with a special potion for Juliette. It will make her appear dead for a day, so that she can avoid the wedding, then he and Roméo will rescue her from the tomb.
In the Capulet palace
Juliette collapses, seemingly dead, at her wedding celebration.
ACT V
The Capulets’ Tomb
Juliette sleeps, as if dead. Roméo enters, stricken with grief. He contemplates her beauty, and then kisses her before taking poison. Juliette starts to wake up, bewildered at first but slowly understanding the situation when Roméo admits that he has taken poison. She stabs herself and they die in each other’s arms.
Characters
Roméo: A young member of the Montague family, engaged in a deadly and continual feud with the Capulets; in love with his mortal enemy’s daughter.
Tenor
Juliette: Capulet’s young daughter, betrothed to Paris but in love with Roméo – her family’s great enemy.
Soprano
Tybalt: the hot-headed and aggressive nephew of Lady Capulet, he precipitates the duel which leads to his own death and Roméo’s banishment.
Tenor
Paris: a nobleman related to the Duke and a friend of the Capulets; Juliette’s betrothed.
Baritone
Mercutio: Roméo’s friend, he accompanies him to the Capulets’ ball and teases him about his love affairs. He is later killed in the affray by Tybalt.
Baritone
Capulet: Juliette’s father and autocratic head of the Capulet family, he maintains the age-old feud with the Montagues.
Bass
Frère Laurent: a Franciscan friar (Shakespeare’s Friar Laurence), he agrees to marry Roméo and Juliette as a way of bringing the feud to an end. His message alerting Roméo to the potion Juliette has taken remains undelivered, with tragic consequences.
Bass
Gertrude: Juliette’s old nurse and her closest confidante.
Mezzo-soprano
Stéphano: Roméo’s cheeky young page, his ribald song at the expense of the Capulets launches the dispute that ends with Tybalt’s death and exile for his master.
Soprano
Grégorio: Capulet’s servant.
Baritone
Duke of Verona: The local ruler, so disturbed by the ongoing fighting by the Montagues and Capulets that he intervenes and banishes Roméo.
Bass
Source: ROH